Resistors are connected in series, the equivalent resistance is Since the current through each component is the same, the equality can be simplified to an equivalent resistance, which is just the sum of the resistances of the individual resistors.Īny number of resistors can be connected in series. For Figure 6.2.2, the sum of the potential drop of each resistor and the voltage supplied by the voltage source should equal zero: This equation is often referred to as Kirchhoff’s loop law, which we will look at in more detail later in this chapter. Since energy is conserved, and the voltage is equal to the potential energy per charge, the sum of the voltage applied to the circuit by the source and the potential drops across the individual resistors around a loop should be equal to zero: According to Ohm’s law, the potential dropĪcross a resistor when a current flows through it is calculated using the equation For each resistor, a potential drop occurs that is equal to the loss of electric potential energy as a current travels through each resistor. The current through the circuit depends on the voltage supplied by the voltage source and the resistance of the resistors. In Figure 6.2.2, the current coming from the voltage source flows through each resistor, so the current through each resistor is the same. The sum of the individual currents equals the current that flows into the parallel connections. In the case of a parallel configuration, each resistor has the same potential drop across it, and the currents through each resistor may be different, depending on the resistor. In a parallel circuit, all of the resistor leads on one side of the resistors are connected together and all the leads on the other side are connected together. In a series circuit, the output current of the first resistor flows into the input of the second resistor therefore, the current is the same in each resistor. The simplest combinations of resistors are series and parallel connections ( Figure 6.2.1). The equivalent resistance of a combination of resistors depends on both their individual values and how they are connected. If several resistors are connected together and connected to a battery, the current supplied by the battery depends on the equivalent resistance of the circuit. Most circuits have more than one resistor. Basically, a resistor limits the flow of charge in a circuit and is an ohmic device where In Current and Resistance, we described the term ‘resistance’ and explained the basic design of a resistor. Calculate the equivalent resistance of resistors connected in parallel.Calculate the equivalent resistance of resistors connected in series.By the end of the section, you will be able to:
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